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Skip to content Kdb+ and q documentation Programming examples – Knowledge Base – kdb+ and q documentation Ask a question logoKDB+ AND Q DOCUMENTATION Home kdb+ and q KDB+ AND Q About Reference card Developer tools Interfaces INTERFACES KX libraries Bloomberg C/C++ C/C++ Quick guide API reference C API for kdb+ (WP) Using C/C++ functions Excel FIX messaging (WP) GPUs Lightning tickerplants (WP) Matlab ODBC ODBC3 ODBC/Simba R Scala Open source Machine learning Using kdb+ in the cloud USING KDB+ IN THE CLOUD About Amazon Web Services AMAZON WEB SERVICES Reference architecture Amazon EC2 & Storage Services AMAZON EC2 & STORAGE SERVICES Migrating a kdb+ HDB to Amazon EC2 Elastic Block Store (EBS) EFS (NFS) Amazon Storage Gateway FSx for Lustre AWS Lambda Microsoft Azure MICROSOFT AZURE Reference architecture (coming soon) Google Cloud GOOGLE CLOUD Reference architecture Auto Scaling (WP) AUTO SCALING (WP) About Amazon Web Services Realtime data cluster Costs and risks Surveillance in the Cloud (WP) Other file systems OTHER FILE SYSTEMS MapR-FS Goofys S3FS S3QL ObjectiveFS WekaIO Matrix Quobyte DigitalOcean Community kdb+ and q forum White papers About this site kdb Insights kdb Insights Enterprise Learn LEARN Get started Install Licenses Mountain tour MOUNTAIN TOUR TLDR Begin here The q session Tables CSVs Datatypes Scripts IDE Q for quants Q by Examples Q for All Examples from Python EXAMPLES FROM PYTHON Basic Array List Strings Dictionaries Q for Mortals 3 Q by Puzzles Q BY PUZZLES About 12 Days of Xmas ABC problem Abundant odds Four is magic Name Game Summarize and Say Word wheel Reading room READING ROOM Information desk Boggle Cats cradle Fizz buzz Klondike Phrasebook Scrabble Application examples APPLICATION EXAMPLES Astronomy (WP) Bitcoin blockchains (WP) Card counters (WP) Corporate actions (WP) Disaster management (WP) Exoplanets (WP) Market depth (WP) Market fragmentation (WP) Option pricing (WP) Predicting floods (WP) Signal processing (WP) Space weather (WP) Trading surveillance (WP) Transaction-cost analysis (WP) Trend indicators (WP) Advanced q ADVANCED Q Remarks on Style Shifts & scans Technical articles Views Origins Terminology Starting kdb+ STARTING KDB+ Overview The q language IPC Tables Historical database Realtime database Language LANGUAGE Reference card By topic Iteration ITERATION Overview Implicit iteration Iterators Maps Accumulators Guide to iterators (WP) Keywords KEYWORDS abs aj, aj0, ajf, ajf0 all, any and asc, iasc, xasc asof attr avg, avgs, mavg, wavg bin, binr ceiling count, mcount cols, xcol, xcols cor cos, acos cov, scov cross csv cut delete deltas desc, idesc, xdesc dev, mdev, sdev differ distinct div dsave each, peach ej ema enlist eval, reval except exec exit exp, xexp fby fills first, last fkeys flip floor get, set getenv, setenv group gtime, ltime hcount hdel hopen, hclose hsym ij, ijf in insert inter inv key keys, xkey like lj, ljf load, rload log, xlog lower lsq max, maxs, mmax md5 med meta min, mins, mmin mmu mod neg next, prev, xprev not null or over, scan parse pj prd, prds prior rand rank ratios raze read0 read1 reciprocal reverse rotate save, rsave select show signum sin, asin sqrt ss, ssr string sublist sum, sums, msum, wsum sv system tables tan, atan til trim, ltrim, rtrim type uj, ujf union ungroup update upsert value var, svar view, views vs where within wj, wj1 xbar xgroup xrank Overloaded glyphs Operators OPERATORS Add Amend Apply, Index, Trap Assign Cast Coalesce Compose Cut Deal, Roll, Permute Delete Display Dict Divide Dynamic Load Drop Enkey, Unkey Enumerate Enumeration Enum Extend Equal Exec File Binary File Text Fill Find Flip Splayed Greater Greater Than Identity, Null Join Less Than Lesser Match Matrix Multiply Multiply Not Equal Pad Select Set Attribute Simple Exec Signal Subtract Take Tok Update Vector Conditional Control constructs CONTROL CONSTRUCTS Cond do if while Namespaces NAMESPACES .h .j .m .Q .z Application Atomic functions Comparison Conformability Connection handles Datatypes Dictionaries Enumerations Evaluation control Exposed infrastructure Fil